Turning and milling composite machine tools are the current trend in the development of machine tool technology worldwide. In the overall trend of maintaining process concentration and eliminating (or reducing) the reinstallation and positioning of workpieces, composite processing allows more different processing processes to be combined on one machine tool, thereby reducing machine tools and fixtures, eliminating handling and storage between processes, improving workpiece processing accuracy, shortening processing cycles, and saving operating area.
Turning and milling composite machine tool is an advanced cutting method that uses the combined motion of milling cutter rotation and workpiece rotation to complete the cutting process of the workpiece, so as to meet the requirements of shape accuracy, position accuracy, and machined surface integrity of the workpiece. The turning and milling composite machine tool is not simply combining the two processing methods of turning and milling into one machine tool, but uses turning and milling composite motion to complete various surface processing. It has the following characteristics:
1. High precision: avoids human error and machine tool errors caused by scattered processes;
2. Rate: Effectively reducing production preparation time and improving machine tool utilization rate;
3. Cost reduction: It can achieve dual spindle operation simultaneously, reduce the number of machine tools, making it easier to plan production, saving investment costs and workshop space.
The motion of a turning milling composite machine tool includes four basic movements: milling cutter rotation, workpiece rotation, milling cutter axial feed, and radial feed.
According to the different relative positions of the workpiece rotation axis and the tool rotation axis, turning and milling composite machine tools can be mainly divided into axial turning and milling, orthogonal turning and milling, and general turning and milling. Among them, axial turning and orthogonal turning and milling are two widely used types of turning and milling. Due to the parallel rotation axis between the milling cutter and the workpiece, axial turning and milling can not only process the outer cylindrical surface, but also the internal control surface energy. Due to the perpendicular rotation axis between the milling cutter and the workpiece, orthogonal turning and milling cannot process the internal control when the inner hole diameter is small. However, when processing the surface of the outer cylinder, the longitudinal stroke of the milling cutter is not limited and a larger longitudinal feed can be used. Therefore, the efficiency is higher when processing the surface of the outer cylinder.